Kiwi Series

Kiwi Series #1 My choice of artwork for this essay is titled Kiwi Series # 1. This painting is made by Dennis Wojtkiewicz in 2005. The size of this painting is 36 by 66 inches. The medium used in this painting is the oil on canvas. I chose this painting because it appeals to my sense of aesthetics and also it has the most interesting use of texture. This painting is an excellent example of our sight being able to activate other senses. The presentation of the translucent fruit and fuzzy skin is so convincing that we have a visual and a tactile reaction and for some, a sensation of taste.The painter has used actual texture in this painting. In this essay, I will talk about the subject matter and then the content. I will also be analyzing each element and principle of design in the painting's composition in an attempt to look at it much more deeply and understand it better. Kiwi Series # 1 is a painting of a  kiwi fruit, which is cut into half. It is placed on a table or some hard su rface. The painter has drawn every little detail of the fruit  in the painting. The seeds, the internal minor lines in the fruit, and the difference in textures are done with great enthusiasm and passion.This painting makes me calm and relaxed because of the colors used in this painting and also its overall appearance. The Elements: There are different kinds of lines used in this painting. The artist has used some curvy lines near the edge and the center of the fruit. Straight lines are also used in this painting. Some lines are thick and some are thin, separating the seeds and the showing the opaqueness of some parts. The painting itself is a rectangle shape. The  shape of the fruit is objective. There are many other smaller shapes in the painting. The shape of the seeds is oval.The center of the fruit gives kind of semi-circle look. The row of the seeds looks like a thin petal of  a flower. The fruit itself is looking like a semi-circle. There is a great amount of contrast. This painting  has a photography value in which the  artist has used light part against the  dark  part. Chiaroscuro is also evident due to the illusion of light and shadow as the light source is coming from the top. Casting shadow on the table. There are areas of strong contrast such as the light color of fruit against the dark background. Sfumato is also evident in this painting.The dark colors of the seeds also create contrast against the light color of the fruit. Also there is contrast of the seeds against the bright  area near it. The color is a local color as it replicates the appearance of the real world. The colors are natural. The fruit is green and light green in color. The seeds are black. A slight brown color is also used near the edge of the fruit. The texture is simulated. If someone would touch this painting, they would feel slight bumps of the paint. For the most part, the artist has simulated the texture of the fruit.The background of the painting appears to be smooth. There is not much space in the painting. The figure is right at the forefront of the painting so the painting has shallow space. The background is dark  and we could not see anything except the fruit. Principles: The balance in this painting is symmetrical. The right side is very similar to the left side. If I were to draw a line in the middle of this painting, the visual weight on both sides of the painting would be the same. The painting is populated almost the same on both sides.The dominant part in this painting is the half-cut kiwi fruit. It occupies almost 85% of the space of the painting. Kiwi fruit is the biggest thing in the painting and it is the most important aspect of the subject matter. The same shape of the seeds in the painting creates harmony. Also the bright row that contains seeds is also of the same shape so they are the unifying factor in this painting. This work is not economical at all. There is a great amount of details and attention given to the figure. In my opinion it is highly realistic and the artist has drawn it with great interest.

Explain the Characteristics of the Local Business Environment Essay

Introduction I am going to talk about characteristic of the local business environment in the Leicester. My chosen business is eastern European restaurant. Product Market This restaurant will be aimed at a niche market for European people who live in Leicester. They are a lot of people from Eastern Europe like Poland, Latvian, Lithuanian and it will help to me make a profit. I look for European public, because I see there are lots of Asian restaurants in Leicester and not many European. Sector and industry changes This business falls into the tertiary sector which is growing faster than primary or secondary as many companies decide to provide service because it brings more profit than manufacturing. People pay more money for ready goods and services than they do for raw materials. At the moment many people haven’t got a job which helps to me to chose more options of quality staff and wages. Tertiary sector is growing fast and took over most of the industry. Primary and Secondary sectors not growing and not expanding as need of it isn’t big. Legal Frame Work I have researched about the types of health and safety that I would need in a restaurant and have found out that for my business which is a restaurant business I would need at list level 2 of food hygiene certificate for health and safety and health and safety certificate for the workplace. As I would be the only owner – Sole-trader so I do not need to register my company as a company LTD and do not need a registration with company house. I will be personally responsible for accounts and paying tax of the profit I’ll make each year. Planning and Employment I am thinking to open my restaurant in Narborough road, because it is strategically advantageous position. I would like to recruit two bartenders and six waiters, due to shift change. Economic trends and Income Recession is in the all world and touches all business sectors in UK. Currently people stop going to the restaurants. The government increasing VAT which affects small businesses and they income. Opening new business can be really risky especially new restaurant. People spending more money for goods they really need and not leaving any money for entertainment. If we will have a look at hierarchy of Moslow restaurant business is on the top needs for people and humans

Feudalism in Pakistan

Introduction:- The Zamindarana Nizam or Feudal system is a phenomenon that has affected Pakistan’s history time and again; sometimes for the better and sometimes for the worse. There are many salient features of the Feudal system in Pakistan. They are large landholdings by joint families; Lambardari of the local landlord family, work done by peasants or mazeras, complete rule of the landlord in the vicinity and often its surroundings too, debt bondage and sometimes absentee landlordism.The Pakistani feudal system is compatible with the European medieval feudal system where a large proportion of the production of the subsistence farmer would go to the landlord as homage. The Indian caste system is also similar to the hierarchy of the medieval European feudal pyramid expect for the fact there a person from a lower rank could be promoted to a higher rank by proving his worth unlike India where a Pandit’s son will grow up to be a Pandit and a Shudra’s son is deemed t o be a servant for the rest of his life. There are also some similarities with the Japanese feudal system.In this research we will delve into the intricacies of the matter and will ascertain the reason for the phenomenon of feudalism and its effects on Pakistani society in general. The European Feudal Model:- We have to see the similarities between the Indian Feudal Model and the European feudal model because a lot of people confuse one with another. It will also be easier to study the Indian feudal system because it was a forerunner of the modern Pakistani feudal system. The European feudal system was based on homage to one’s feudal lord because of the fact that he protects the plebian from external threat by serving in the military.If we want to study the European feudal model we have to grasp the idea of the King, the Lord, the vassal and the peasant. The King was the sovereign barring exceptions in some cases, all the feudal barons and others were knighted by the King so that they would pledge allegiance to the King. Pledging allegiance to the King meant that many of the feudal lords were required to serve in the military. As a result the profession of an Army Officer up till world war two remained largely a feudal profession.Almost all Earls, Dukes, Viscounts and Barons served in the army or Navy as officers; a tradition that continues to this day as we can see both the sons of Charles, the Prince of Wales serving in the military. Another way how an ordinary man could work up the hierarchy was by proving himself in battle. Once the man would do so, he would be awarded with land by the King called â€Å"fief†. This would make him a landowner and he would then be required to swear an â€Å"Oath of Fealty†, the literal meaning of fealty is fidelity. Once the feudal pledged allegiance to the King he was made head of his area.The entire medieval Europe fell into some sort of a pyramid of hierarchy; with the head of everything being the Pop e and the Clergy. The Pope was responsible for a lot and he would often appoint Prices in an around the area of modern Italy. Cesare Borgia is one such example of people appointed by Pope Alexander the Sixth, his father. The Church was known for its nepotism and this is why the Great Schism or the Western Schism and the Protestant Reformation took place. The Church’s corruption knew no bounds at times. Alexandre Dumas once said that â€Å"Christianity assumed a pagan character†. This is exactly what he was talking about.The Church has absolute power. Then came the Monarchs, then the Knights and Vassals, the business people were next and finally there were the peasants and the serfs. This has a lot of similarities with the Indian caste system. There were basically four Varnas. The Brahmins were the highest and they were the equivalent of the Clergy of those days, then there were the Kshatriyas who were a lot like Knights of the European feudal model and Samurais of the Japanese feudal system, then were the Vaishyas who were the traders, the businessmen and merchants, finally there were the Shudras who were sort of like the peasants.The feudal system in history has been a way of keeping the oppressed down. Both systems show a clear indication of exploitation. While Brahmins and Kshatriyas were landowners, the Vaishyas were confined to doing business only and the Shudras were made to serve the Brahmins, the Kshatriyas and the Vaishyas in the most demeaning and despicable of ways. They were confined to cleaning jobs, acting as servants and laborers. The Mahar are a lower community of India. They were called the untouchables. One of their leaders B. R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Constitutional Drafting Committee.He was the author of several books and was very aware of the fact that he was from an oppressed community and made provisions to make India into the secular and tolerant state that it is today. Some people may disagree with this statemen t but I beg to differ. The Union of India has done a lot to protect the rights of its lower castes ever since independence and this is where people like B. R. Ambedkar needs to be given credit. Unfortunately in Pakistan, people from lower castes often try to hide their identity and being from a lower caste is still considered a stigma, particularly in the Punjab.Here the Kshatriya tribes who are almost exclusively Muslim have not let go of their Hindu approach. They still believe in Mazera and Kammi system. They are not sent to school and are forced to work for their landlord families generation after generation. It is a shame what Pakistan has become today. Pakistanis embrace modernism thinking that it is an American phenomenon but they have no clue whatsoever how much of an equalitarian society the United States is today. While India has let go of their former hatred, Pakistan continues to be an insolent, third-rate godforsaken society.Coming back to the European feudal system, th ere were instances when the King knighted the people who were close to the king or were in the process of forging close relationships were also knighted so that their status would be elevated to that of any other peer. We can clearly see that in the case of King Henry the Eighth or Henry Tudor. Before he was set to marry Anne Boleyn he knighted her father making him a Viscount and her brother a Baron. The feudal Barons in the middle ages dominated every walk of life.The German name prefix of â€Å"von† usually showed nobility and we can clearly see that all the people who dominated German and Austrian societies before the Second World War had this prefix in the beginning of their name. For example von Mises the economist, von Bismark the statesman, von Manstein the general, von Hindenburg the Chancellor of Germany before Adolf Hitler and his Third Reich came into power. This is clear evidence of how the nobility was dominant in all spheres of life. We will discuss the same ab out Pakistan but like Europe trends are changing here too and we can see a more fair and equalitarian society.The Indian Feudal Model:- The first evidence of allotment of lands was in ancient India. Indians of antiquity were very giving to their spiritual leaders, the Brahmins. The customs of gifting lands to Brahmins dates back to Maurya times. The Maurya Empire thrived in India between the 4th to 1st Century B. C. E. The Empire controlled from Paltiputra in Present day Patna, Bihar controlled almost all of India. The special thing about this empire was that it was very sparsely populated. This made it very easy for greedy, licentious Brahmins to encroach land. The situation was ideal and the Brahmin is a very shrewd man. According to R.S. Sharma of the University of Patna this is when the trend started and was later enacted into the epic of Mahabharata during the Gupta Empire. This indoctrination meant that the Brahmins would later become landowners. Vast estates of land boil down into huge sums of money and with money comes power, influence and authority. Over the course of the next two thousand years the Brahmin consolidated his position by becoming the landlord along with the Kashatriya. Our ancestors, the Kashatriyas had to earn his land and fight with every fiber of his being for every last chunk of land but the Brahmin had his devious ways.The Brahmin changed the Holy Hindu script and stammered rites for a living. The result of all this was that the Brahmin to this date remains economically well off and continued to rule for centuries to come. Only in today’s world do you see people from lower Varnas such as Laksmhi Mittal or Bajaj strike rich. Otherwise it was always the Brahmin Pandit or the Kshatriya warrior who had control over wealth. It is important to note that the Nehru family is of Kashmiri Brahmin Pandit origin; their scions include Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi.The concept was then started off by the Mughals who wi th their skill in administrative issues decided to appoint tax collectors from area to area. This included people from every religion. The Mughals made no discrimination in religion. There were some smaller kingdoms all over India too as the Mughals did not have a hundred percent control over everything. The Mughals, like the British conferred titles upon their tax collectors. Some of these titles were Mian, Rai Bahadur and Chaudhary. Mian was the title given to the Arian family who were the custodians of the Shalimar Gardens. The family is called Mian family of Baghbanpura.Mian Muhammad Shafi, one of the politicians of per-partition India and the Judge to whom Jinnah swore his oath to after becoming Governor-General are both from this family. Rai Bahadur was the title given to those families who helped the Mughals succeed in destroying their enemies for example some people from one tribe would given the title for killing people from another tribe who were causing troubles to for th e Mughals. Chaudhary literally meant â€Å"Lord† and unlike today it was a very rare title back then. It was also customary amongst the Mughals to grant Lordship to Pashtun Generals serving in the army.The Nawabs of Bhopal and the landlords of Khwaspur near modern day Lalamusa were both handed over to Pashtun generals for the services they rendered to the Mughal Empire. Once the British came to power, they had similar tactics of retaining power. The only difference was that they had different names for their loyalists. They preferred to give the title of â€Å"Khan Bahadur†. The British clearly understood the differences between communities of India and did their best to divide us. When people from one tribe rebelled, they were expelled from the army.They placed tribes loyal to them over others in social standing and even today, the effects of this intrusion and manipulation of history effects our society in a very detrimental way which I will discuss later in the rese arch. Hegemony of feudals in Pakistani society:- There were also stories from history where we can see that the King was not as powerful and that the Feudals were running the show altogether. We see the evolution of the â€Å"Magna Carta†, the first bill of rights of man that the western world saw. This Magna Carta was written in the thirteenth century by the Feudal Barons of King John the Second after a series of critical istakes made by the King and now the power lay with the Barons. This is how important the nobility was back in the medieval ages. The phenomenon is still prevalent in modern day Pakistan where we clearly see that almost all of the bureaucrats and politicians hailing from Interior Sindh have remarkably eccentric and ridiculous last names. This is because these are the leaders of their respective tribes. Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi, Asif Ali Zardari, Muhammad Khan Junejo among many others. Why does not any Sindhi from an ordinary background make it to the top? It is the hegemony of these tribe leaders that keeps them oppressed and downtrodden.We do see a sort of connection of these nobles with their German pre world war counterparts. They were all extremely dominant in their societies and controlled the military, the bureaucracy, the foreign affairs, almost all the intellectual discourse, the food production and pretty much everything else. Absentee Landlordism:- This is a phenomenon by which a peculiar landlord from a peculiar rural area of Pakistan remains absent during the entire course of the cultivation and harvest of his crops in order to enjoy a lavish lifestyle in the urban areas of Pakistan.These landlords do not contribute to their land; some of them embark on political careers or take up important bureaucratic jobs. As a result they have little or almost no input on the growth of their crops. There are people that are part of the feudal gentry who leave their country estates and farmlands comprising of hundreds of acres just to live a lavish life in Lahore and other cities playing polo and consuming ridiculous amounts of alcohol. When their crops are harvested they get the largest share of the profits while their mazera gets nothing but some money to barely make ends meet.Societal deterioration of Urban Pakistan:- According to Ayesha Siddiqa, the author accredited with writing â€Å"Military Incorporated†, feudal system is still alive and kicking in Pakistan and even Pakistan’s urban elite are trying to copy the life styles of the feudals. She says and I quote â€Å"the decadent lifestyle of the old Nawabs and the feudal elite by holding huge parties, mujrahs and flaunting money† in their newly built farmhouses. The tragedy of our country is that we try to copy whatever culture we think is superior.Our Anthropology teacher first introduced us to the phenomenon of â€Å"Cultural Diffusionism† where traits of dominant cultures are slowly assimilated into weaker cultures. Unfortunately for Pakistani society, we are ready to accept any culture that has more to do with ostentatiousness than modesty. Moreover, Nawabs and Thakurs were more powerful in areas like Balochistan or Uttar Pradesh. Nawabs of Punjab for example Nawab Sir Fazal Ali of Gujrat and Nawab Sir Hayat of Wah were mostly installed by the British.It is sad to see North Punjabis and other Pakistanis trying to emulate their lifestyles because of their own inferiority complexes. The word â€Å"khandaani† has been thrown around so much and is uttered by every single menial who has a few nickels in his pocket. Pakistani society is a complete and utter shambles and the feudal archetype is to be held accountable in this particular case. Pakistan Army Officer Corps and its deterioration because of differences in background:- Pre-partition Pakistan Army also shows a clear discord between army officers of feudal background and army officers of ordinary backgrounds.In a story narrated by my father, a form er Pakistan Army Armored Corps officer there was a clear discord and hatred between both the parties within the Armored Corps back then. There were two syndicates that we formed one lead by former Lieutenant General Sahabzada Yakub Khan, a landowning aristocrat and the son of the Nawab of Rampur who opted for Pakistan army after partition; The other by Lieutenant General Gul Hassan Khan a man of humble background from Pabbi, Nowshera District.Both Generals were from PAVO Cavalry (Frontier Force) and Probyn’s Horse respectively with the former filled with people from elite backgrounds and elitist principles and the latter being the complete opposite of that. My father told me that before the 1970s if you were serving in the army as a cavalry officer you had to be a part of one group or the other or else you had no future in the army and were constantly harassed by both parties. So the officers picked their sides, all except one General Zia-ul-Haq did so.As a result young Zia a staunch mullah, was thrown out of three army regiments before settling into one dominated by elitists, the Guides Cavalry (Frontier Force). There he was welcomed by Lieutenant Colonel Pir Israr Shah who felt sorry for poor Zia. The day Colonel Shah left poor Zia was once again bullied and harassed by fellow officers especially by former NWFP and Punjab Governors Lieutenant Generals Fazl-e-Haq and Ghulam Jilani, both personally appointed by General Zia later so that he would show them who’s boss.The result of these dissensions was that Zia did his best to purge out the â€Å"elitist† from Pakistan Army and this policy very slowly and gradually took its effect. Coming back to Gul Hassan and Sahabzada Yakub Khan, There were implications that Bhutto wanted Gul Hassan as the future head of the Army, part of the reason why the competent Sahabzada resigned as Commander of East Pakistan (present day Bangladesh). He was replaced by A. A. K. Niazi, a genuinely incompetent offic er.As a result of all of this, Pakistan Army failed to protect East Pakistan from Indian onslaught in the 1971 war. All because our officers failed to unite as one and let go of their backgrounds. What a pity! Perhaps this was why it was so hard to get any work done in any military office back then. There was too much politics surrounding every issue. One party would do whatever it was in their capacity to make the other one look bad and not caring about the duties that their state entrusted upon them.

Communication Skills - Week One Individual Assignment Essay

Communication Skills - Week One Individual Assignment - Essay Example The three communication skills that would be most beneficial in one’s professional or personal life includes: (1) being a good conversationalist; (2) being an exemplary listener; and (3) being an effective writer. Being a good conversationalist entails knowledge of the communication process and grammatical rules, appropriate behavior in the application of verbal and non-verbal cues, as well as in accurately understanding the messages that were sent, as originally intended.   Finally, one could use skills in writing in one’s future career through the need to comply with business correspondences, reportorial requirements, or sending messages to various stakeholders.   The three important skills that would require one to communicate effectively include applying improved listening skills, knowledge of verbal and non-verbal cues across different cultures, and being able to express one’s thoughts and concerns through the proper choices and structure of words and by being aware of the different settings, audiences, and rhetorical elements that would assist in conveying one’s intended messages. To be able to apply all these skills, it is imperative to be knowledgeable of the elements of the communication, the barriers that prevent senders and recipients from accurately understanding the messages sent, as well as minimizing distractions or noise within the communication setting or environment.

High School Student's Perception of Accounting Essay

High School Student's Perception of Accounting - Essay Example Most students prefer accounting as a major before graduating from high school or soon after entering college. In the Giladi survey, students are inquired to rate the importance of the following factors in their decision to major in accounting: The survey results show the most important factors are earnings prospective and prospects for a job. The least significant factors are suggestions of counselors and family/friends. High schoolers choose accounting as a major for the reason that students believe it will lead to a professional chance with noteworthy earnings potential. Accounting majors want to work for companies that offer viable remuneration and development opportunities. Pritchard (2004, pp154-155) conduct a student survey determining the role that perception of the accounting profession plays in the high schoolers' choice to major in accounting. The pessimistic perceptions that most pressurize business students to not major in accounting are: Recruiters in the accounting profession should boost their efforts to get more high school students interested in accounting careers. They should launch mentoring and ad campaigns in an effort to offset the dot.com world's lucrative lure in the minds of high school students. ... They should launch mentoring and ad campaigns in an effort to offset the dot.com world's lucrative lure in the minds of high school students. They also have to encounter the clichd perception of accountants as nerdy number crunches. The accounting professionals should get back in the schools and let students know what the profession is all about. Accounting, the industry should inform high schoolers, is all about decision-making and advising clients and developing personal and professional relationships with top companies. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants began a program more than a year ago to mail educational materials about the profession to more than 4,100 high schools in USA. The tutorial plans expressions for students to incorporate accounting techniques into a variety of subjects, from chemistry to history. In one of the most admired lesson plans, students study to read and examine real companies' annual reports and find out if they are good investments. Another provides students with a hypothetical accounting problem and asks them to solve it. That problem-solving aspect is key to selling the profession to students of high schools. Today the whole emphasis is on making decisions. The role of the accountant has changed, as one has to understand business first and accounting second and know how to leverage information to make decisions. But unfortunately it is not the way high schoolers are trained. Accounting firms should also use business-education programs to get more face time with high schoolers. They should stick with prospects of accounting profession throughout their entree into college, as relationship

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY-CASE STUDIES IN POLICY PowerPoint Presentation

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY-CASE STUDIES IN POLICY DECISION - PowerPoint Presentation Example The approach of selection using the strict legislative system will most certainly be merit. Therefore, the students who fail to attain pre-determined levels of competency in primary school will be forced to endure more years in intermediate schools until they attain the compulsory age where the legislation gives them the freedom to leave school. However, such a system might discourage some students who might be competent in other areas than education or for slow learners. Furthermore, the psychological impacts of compelling certain students to intermediate levels rather than allowing them to join secondary schools could be devastating to such students. The general realization is that such a system does not give students fair chances to attain their potential by condemning them to legislations, which are mainly aimed at locking students out of secondary schools rather providing them with opportunities. The circular 10/65 perhaps provides a feasible alternative because it gives students options of either taking approaches that will ensure that they remain in school until just after the compulsory age, or they proceed to further their studies after secondary school. The circular 10/65 has two tier systems. These two tier systems ensure that after primary schools that allow students to either proceed to secondary schools or stay in intermediate schools for two years after which they will be free to decide whether they want to proceed or not. Circular 10/65 strongly advocates against a system that will deliberately discriminate against students with the potential to join secondary schools and become productive. The 10/65 circular also creates provision for students willing to stay in school even after attaining the age of 16 even if such students do not qualify to proceed through the conventional system. The circular proposes that middle level colleges be established that will cater f or the

Hurricane sandy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hurricane sandy - Essay Example a common policy refers to an institution established by a number of states with a mutual offering authority for the currency and monetary policy (Cohenen, 2012). Over the past few decades there has been observed a developing importance in currency fusions and monetary consolidations. This impression of exchange regions dates back to the Mundell’s Optimum Currency Areas. He asserts that â€Å" if the world can be divided into regions within each of which there is a factor mobility and between which there is factor immobility, then each of these regions should have a separate currency that fluctuates relative to all other currencies† (Mundell, 1961, pp.56). The mobility of the inputs should act as the adjusting instrument if any region experiences asymmetric shock. In the absence of these inputs, the overseas exchange rate elasticity is not anticipated to execute the stabilization role assigned to it while the changing unemployment rates and inflation in the diverse areas would dominate. There has been various monetary unions in the various continents i.e. in Africa there has been the West African states who came together to share a common CFA franc currency, there also has been the multilateral Monetary Area to use the South African Rand. In Europe, there has been the European Union who uses the Euro as the common currency. There are other currency unions which have been proposed in other parts of the world i.e the East African Corporation that is scheduled to kick start by 2015, the West African Monetary Zone and the Gulf Corporation Council that is targeted to start within 2013 to 2020. These unions across the different nations have been faced with various challenges and most of them have flopped rendering a single currency impossible within the member states. Most of these unions also collapse due to some asymmetrical penchants and preferences that the union brings to the different states where one country may be favored than the other. Due to this

Personal development planing 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Personal development planing 2 - Essay Example Hearing her talk about her future sometimes makes me wonder how we could even be considered on the same path. Another friend of mine wants to work in management for a football club. He is obsessed with the sport, a sport that he is horrible at playing but loves watching. He feels that management in a club would be like working a dream job because he could be so close to the sport that he loves. I enjoy a good match every few days, but working in this environment seems to be very limited in scope, yet we are essentially on the same pathway. I see my future in my family business back home in Saudi Arabia. We have a diverse group of businesses that manages governmental contracting, infrastructure development, agricultural development and financial services such as insurance and investment. I am fortunate in that I have many opportunities available to me that most of my classmates do not have available to them. I do not believe that I have it any easier than my classmates, however. Not e veryone has a father that would willingly give them a high position in a construction firm or a financial services industry no matter how qualified. I know that my father would provide a position for me even if I did poorly at school and needed to drop out. That is not the person I wish to be, however. I want to do well within the family business and I have a desire to be an able manager in whatever position comes available. My first choice is to work in the infrastructure development branch of the company. Planning and implementing massive projects such as bridges, airports, desalinization plants and highways sounds exciting to me. This is my destination, but I need to follow the same pathway my classmates with different dreams have to follow. I can see that so far, one of the most important employability skills to development is a sense of integrity and an ethical sensitivity towards business decision making. I know that once I am working as a manager for my family company, I will be working with officials from the government because this is the single largest client for my family’s firm. Being dishonest in my dealings with these officials could do a lot of damage to my family’s company. One of the factors that come into play when bidding for government sponsored work in Saudi Arabia is the reputation for honesty the company has built up over generations. Acting without integrity could harm that reputation for many years to come. Integrity is important in a manager because I have learned that people in positions of leadership are often held to a higher standard than others. This may not be fair, because no one is perfect, but I have learned as I have travelled along this pathway that management is leadership and leadership requires faultless integrity if the support of subordinates is to be gained. A large part of my future career and something that I have enjoyed studying in this pathway is the ability to think critically and to apply problem- solving solutions to real life situations. As a manager in the family business, I will be confronted with a steady stream of problems to solve. What to do when suppliers do not come through with essential parts, how to resolve a conflict between supervisors and employees and operating within a budget while managing fluctuating supply and commodity prices are just a few of the problems I will need to solve. I have enjoyed the problems presented in some of my modules. I especially have been entertained and enlightened

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Project Management - Essay Example There must be a staunch and dedicated leader, behind the excellence of any initiated project within the society. All the benefits behind the projects emanates from good leadership. I would want to be a team leader in the community development funds board to help in the coordination and initiation of community based development projects. The project management can help in the achieving my goals. It will enable me to schedule my entire project plan and tackle them chronologically to achieve the predefined goals. The project management would equip me with required management skills for the success of a project in progress. As project leader, I would ensure that all the key plans for success are in control. For example, clarification of the objectives, before the start of the project, it must be subject to review by the team leaders. Development of the plan would help in managing the project in phases, making it easy to accomplish a bigger task in smaller bits (Carroll 10). The risk management plans enable the planning and implementation of precautionary measures that can inhibit the smooth evolution of the proposed project. I would engage in management and motivation of team members to ensure team cohesion in achieving the goals. Effective leadership demands four types of intelligence including intellectual, physical, emotional, and spiritual intelligence to institutionalize moral

Importance of Good Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Importance of Good Writing - Essay Example While writing could be taken as a school activity, much more writing exists in the professional and personal lives. English W130 provided important skills that shape me into a good writer appreciated by Balderrama as that person who knows how to communicate to the audience. In this essay, focus would be on the skills I learnt on development of a thesis statement, paragraph construction and persuasive writing. The good writing skills learnt would enable me to pass across the intended message through writing and consequently achieve the intended goal. Effectively constructed paragraphs need to pass across the meaning of a general theme giving examples and details. Paragraphing has been used by writers to guide the audience through a claim that would be supported by points and ideas. In a general to specific arrangement, paragraphs should be made up of a topic or general sentence, followed by primary support sentences and finally secondary support sentences. The topic sentence serves to create a familiar map in the reader’s mind with details expected thereafter. This adopts a top-down approach where multiple detail levels follow a topic sentence, visualized with the consideration of a pyramid. The primary levels and secondary levels give the topic credibility. Bailey (37) advocates for about three primary ideas in a paragraph with at least two secondary ideas for each primary idea. This paragraph provides an appropriate example of an effective paragraph that evaluates the construction of an effective paragraph. The first sentence forms the topic sentence that informs the reader that the paragraph concerns effectively constructed paragraphs. The fourth, sixth and eighth sentences give the primary ideas while the subsequent sentences give the respective secondary ideas. A thesis statement refers to a, normally, one-sentence summary of the writer’s answer to an academic problem, question or issue. It could be a mapping statement that outlines the major points, indicating how it would be developed in the writer’s argument. Therefore, the thesis statement should be an opinion and not a fact. It should be arguable as it reflects the writer’s answer to a research question or position in a controversial topic. This means that facts should support a thesis but the thesis need not be a fact in itself. Secondly, it should be focused and not broad. A focused thesis propagates its full development within the scope of the essay. Lastly, it should be specific, not vague (Bailey 6). A vague thesis would suggest that the writer does not have any important contribution to make. To construct a thesis statement, the writer would have to put across personal thoughts in the light of what has already been documented. Thereafter, it should be double-checked for being an opinion, focused and specific. This will yield an appropriate thesis statement, being an essential component of an academic essay as it summarizes the writer’s arg ument, giving the reader the context of the argument therein. In this essay, the thesis statement is focused on my opinion that I can effectively communicate through writing, specifically convincing the reader to act based on my objectives. Persuasive writing hinges on the ability of the writer to think logically and come up with a strong argument based on factual information. The writer seeks to convince the readers to agree with the arguments, values and facts shared in the essay, thus adopt the writer’s way of thinking. This would be achieved by appealing to the emotions of the readers and importantly including facts from reputable sources. Bailey (139) notes that examples strengthen the writer’s attempts to persuade the readers. Counterarguments in essays answer reader’

To Kill a Mockingbird Songs Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mockingbird Songs Essay Dont Matter: Akon The society didnt want to see the African Americans and White folks living together. However, some wanted to be equal. Talk about the prejudice and how separated they two were and how some tried to stay equal. (Atticus and Calpurnia, and Scout and Jem sitting with the African Americans during the trial are two examples.) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JIktHTbtn2o Tiptoe: Imagine Dragons- In Maycomb County, everyone always kind of sneaks around, never letting anyone really know what theyre up to, so in a way theyre always tiptoeing and never letting anyone know that theyre there. Little Bird: Ed Sheeran- A way this can Relate to to kill a mockingbird i by saying that if you do reckless things without thinking, youll often regret the. Like when he says And its not complete yet, mustnt get our feet wet,†¨Cause that leads to regret, diving in too soon hes saying that you need to really plan out and think before diving head over heels in something, and thats exactly what Atticus did. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkscjEBaEPc Atticus: The Noisettes- In the beginning it says to kill a mockingbird is to silence the song that seduces you why? Which is saying that when you kill the free flying, joy-bringing mockingbird, youre silencing it forever and selfishly ridding the world of a happiness that it could have potentially brought to others. Waiting on the world to change: John Mayer- At one point he says So we keep waiting (waiting) Waiting on the world to change We keep on waiting (waiting) Waiting on the world to change Its hard to beat the system When were standing at a distance So we keep waiting (waiting) Waiting on the world to change and by saying this he is relating it to how Scout and Jem are just kids and although they can grasp the concept somewhat of what is going on, they are too young to actually be able to do something about it Fix You: Coldplay- This song just kind of totally describes To kill a mockingbird because eventually time will help fix the situation while people just keep trying and failing, which is extremely discouraging inside the book. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pY9b6jgbNyc For the love of a daughter: Demi Lovato-

Functioning Of Body Systems Essay Example for Free

Functioning Of Body Systems Essay What is energy? Energy can make changes possible. We use it for our every day lives, it helps to move cars over road and boats over water. Energy is also used to allow our bodies to grow, keep warm and help our minds think. Scientific define energy as the capacity to do work. Energy cannot be destroyed or created, only transported from one source to another. Forms of energy †¢ Potential Energy: Potential is the stored energy of position and the energy of position- gravitational energy. When an object is displaced from its original position and there is energy pulling it back to that position, this works with potential energy. This is when a moving object no longer has kinetic energy; it has potential energy instead. †¢ Chemical energy: Is energy stored which are in the bonds of the atoms and molecules. Batteries biomass, natural gas and coal are examples of stored chemical energy. When chemical energy is burnt it is converted to thermal energy such as burning wood in a fire place. In the human body the glucose is said to have ‘chemical energy’ this is because when chemicals react with oxygen, it releases energy. †¢ Kinetic Energy: Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, its all about where movement happens; even it’s just a simple movement, it still has kinetic energy, like just clapping, dancing, singing, writing, talking, etc. also it’s the energy of motion. [pic] M1 Role of the energy in the human body The Cardiovascular system The human body is made up of the heart and blood vessels; it helps cooling and transportation system for the human body. The main role is to circulate blood through a network of vessel throughout the body to provide individual cells with oxygen and nutrients that help dispose OFF waste (Carbon Dioxide) The Cardiac system gives us energy in the Mitochondria. Metabolism Metabolism is a collection of chemical reactions that take place in the body’s cell. It converts the fuel in the food of which that’s eaten into the energy needed to control everything we do, from moving to thinking to growing. Specific proteins in the body control the chemical reactions of the metabolism, and each of the chemical reaction is coordinated with their body functions. Hormones control the guidance and speed of metabolism. When a person is at rest the speed of metabolism is called basal metabolic rate, this measures the heat produced by metabolism. In the process of metabolism molecules in the digestive system break proteins down into glucose, fatty acids or amino acids, which can be used as an energy source in the body. These become absorbed into the blood, which transports them to the cells. Anabolism The process of anabolism involves simpler molecules combining together to form complex compounds. The main function involves building and storing the proteins. The cells bring together amino acids to form structural and functional proteins. The functional proteins that individually catalyze chemical reactions occur and help fight off diseases that regulate the on-going body process. Cells work in the liver and the muscle, combining molecules of glucose to form glycogen – a compound which is stored. Catabolism The process of catabolism produces energy that’s vital to all activities in the cells. It helps the breaking down of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to keep the energy and the heat in process. As the process continues, newly digested food, storage glycogen are involved. Breaking down of the fatty acids takes place in two steps. The 1st step which is called Glycolysis, works without oxygen and it produces a small amount of energy. The 2nd stage which takes place is the stage of the Krebs cycle, in this process a series of chemical reactions from Acetyl-CoA with Oxygen, producing carbon dioxide, water and energy. ATP= Adenosine Triphosphate, is the energy needed for cells to function and for muscles to contract. ATP is stored in the muscle and liver Gives Energy by producing: Carbohydrates = Digestion Glucose Fats = Fatty Acids Proteins = Amino Acids This becomes absorbed into the blood is then transported in the cells (muscle, nerve liver). They are then used to produce ATP or it is stored ATP is stored in small amounts, therefore they are stored as: Glucose: Glycogen (Muscle Liver) Fatty Acids: Body Fat Amino Acids: Growth, repair and excreted waste. Cells in the body need energy to function FOOD=ENERGY (E) [pic] Anaerobic Energy Exercise with oxygen Glycogen breaks down into: ATP + CO2 + H20 Using large muscle groups continuously over a period of time Aerobic Glycolisis Fatty Acid Oxidation = The production of ATP from Carbohydrates Fat When exercising is fast and intense, the Cardiovascular cannot supply as much oxygen to the muscles. This is then where anaerobic exercise comes in. Short term effects of physical exercise results from occasional bursts of extra physical activity. Long term effects of physical exercise are the result of frequent physical activity which is moderate and high intensity e.g. activities that involve using lots of muscles and energy and increasing the heart-rate during the activity for at least 20-30 minutes. Exercises without Oxygen Breathing rate increases because of no oxygen available. Glucose is burnt to produce energy and lactic acid, lactic acid can be poison and eventually lead muscles to fatigue and can lead to a cramp, Muscle cramp is on-going, uncontrolled muscle contraction due to lack of oxygen and insufficient blood circulation and can painful. To keep the glucose active essential organs are activated: muscle and liver quickly require a large bust of energy, over a short period of time. The sports involved could be: Weight lifting or long run Anaerobic Glycolysis Anaerobic Glycolisis is less efficient in producing ATP than Aerobic Glycolisis, But is important and needed for a large burst of energy lasting a few minutes Produces ATP from Carbohydrates without Oxygen and works in 2/3 Minutes. Diagram for Aneorobic Respiration Glucose Energy+ Lactic Acid http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Muscles/Effects-of-exercise-on-muscles.php The Respiratory System The respiratory system wokrs from the Nasal Cavity, breathing through the Nasal passages, normally. The air is then passed down the Larynx, producing sounds for speaking. It then travels down the Trachea, passing air down the trachea to the lungs. The trachea splits into two borchi’s, carrying air to each lung. The Bronchi then split into smaller tubes that distribute air to the alveoli. Air then eventually enters the millions of tiny air sacs in the lungs called th alveoli Aeorobic respiration When exercising at a steavy and comfertable rate it helps the Cardiovascular sytem to supply the oxygen with all the oxygen they need. Glucose+oxygen energy+carbon dioxide+water Aeorobic exercise can last for long periods of time, without the person becoming breathless and loosing muscle which goes into lactic and could suffer cramps e.g. from swimming/jogging. This is when we need oxygen, so carbondioxide is breathed in. Tidal Volume This is the amount of air taken into the lungs during breathing when the person is at rest approximately 6 litres per minute is breathed out and exchanges during inspiration and expiration. Vital Capacity This is the maximum volume of air breathed in and following a maximum expiration. Oxygen Deficit The body is unable to supply enough O2 to the muscles that the muscles need, which is where exhaustion is reached causing immediate and reduction in strength. Oxygen Debt ATP Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + ENERGY + inorganic Phosphate During exercise muscles repeatedly contract and relax, using and requiring ENERGY to exercise. The energy comes from a chemical called adenosine triphosphate- also called ATP that is broken down during exercise into another chemical called Adenosine diphosphate (ADP): When there is plenty of oxygen available in the muscle tissues the Energy for muscle action is produced aerobically In anaerobic energy production, ATP is generated by converting glycogen to lactic acid. Lactic acid is a toxic substance that can only be removed from the body by the supply of further oxygen to the affected tissues anaerobic activity leads to oxygen debt Reference: http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/metabolism.html# Teachers Notes vitualmedicalcentre.com http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/metabolism.html# http://www.nmsea.org/Curriculum/Primer/forms_of_energy.htm http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/ Digestive System The primary function for the digestive system is to break down food both mechanically and by the use of enzymes, so that it may be used for by the body for energy and cell growth and repair. Mouth: Digestion begins at the mouth: the teeth cut and grind food into smaller particles that can be swallowed in the saliva, carbohydrates begin to break down the food. Oesophagus: Once you swallow, the food moves into the Oesophagus where the continual waves of involuntary contraction pushes it way down to the stomach. Stomach: As the food enters the stomach the stomach muscles relax to allow a large volume of food to be stored. The stomach muscles churn and mix the food with acids and enzymes, breaking it into much smaller, more digestible pieces. Small Intestines: Enzymes are increased to break down food from the pancreas and glands, breaking the proteins and carbohydrates. It also gets mixed with the product of the liver which helps break down all the fats in our body aiding digestion. Large Intestines: The large intestines continue the food journey, absorbing any water or mineral still remaining. The rest of the content is waste, which is then passed through the rectum where it is stored until they leave the digestive system through the anus as a bowel movement. Homeostatic Roles: †¢ Supplies energy for life’s activities. †¢ Supplies building blocks for macromolecules Stages of food processing This is the process of eating. Which begins when places the food in the mouth or the oral Digestion Digestion is the process where ingested food is broken down into a form that can then be absorbed and assimilated into the tissues of the body. Digestion includes two types of processes †¢ Mechanical (e.g. chewing, grinding, churning, mixing) †¢ Chemical (e.g. enzymes breaking down of food) Absorption †¢ Digested food is absorbed into the bodily fluids blood and lymph. The small intestine increases its surface area and the rate of absorption. Digestive food is broken down by simple sugars, amino acids, etc. which then enter the bloodstream. Elimination †¢ Undigested food materials are discharged from body. http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Digestion/DigestiveSystem-BasicStages.php

Muhammad Ali: A Biography

Muhammad Ali: A Biography Hard work and persistence are the magical words that lead to success and fame. A very good example is â€Å"Mohamed Ali Clay.† His name was â€Å"Cassius† before being a Muslim. Muhammad Ali built himself by himself until he became the most famous and richest boxer in the entire world. In 1940s, in Louisville, African Americans were separated from Whites. Black people were only permitted to sit in back rows of movie theatres and buses. Moreover, black children were separated from white children and they could not go to school together. Moreover, some of the restaurants would not allow blacks in. This system was called â€Å"segregation.† Louisville had two African American neighborhoods, east end (the California area), and west end (where the Clays lived). The clays were very poor. Their car was ten years old, their house always needed painting, the porch sagged, and whenever it rained, water entered the house from the roof. Cassius Marcellus, who was born on the 17th of January 1942, and Rudy his brother, were sharing the same pants and the same shirts. After a while, the Clays gave them a new shirt and new pants. Odessa Clay their mother, used to work at houses when her sons were young, and earned four dollars a day. She was very religious. Every Sunday sh e attended with her two sons Mount Zion Baptist church, where Cassius used to sing in the choir. Odessa taught Cassius to treat people kindly (Muhammed Ali, by Arlene Schhulmain, published 2005). In 1954, when Cassius was twelve, his father bought him a new bicycle for Christmas. A new bicycle was an enormous thing for them, because they were a poor family. One day, Cassius went to a show with his friend on his new bicycle. After the show was over, Cassius could not find his bike and he went to a police officer, who tried to help him but could not. Later on, Cassius found the thief and he hit him and then went to the officer and told him that he found the thief and he had beaten him up. That day was the birth of the champion! The police officer took him to a place for boxing, where he could learn boxing and told him â€Å"If you want to learn how to hit, learn boxing.† Joe Martin, who was a boxing coach, helped him to join his club ((Muhammed Ali, by Arlene Schhulmain, published 2005). One day Cassius saw his coach on a television show called â€Å"Tomorrows Champions†. When Cassius saw this show, he went to Joes gym and started to learn boxing. Cassius was very thin and weighed only eighty nine pounds. He did not have muscles, however he learned quickly because he had fast punches and fast feet and this was considered very good for a beginner. After six months of training at Martins gym, Martin finally told him that he would appear on the television show and he would fight a boy for a round for two minutes. When Cassius went, he won the match and it was the first success for him. Cassius was now on the way to becoming a champion. When he went home, he would hit the bullies who picked on him and his family, until they ran home with bloody noses. The people in the neighborhood called him the â€Å"king.† In 1995, Cassius was going to Duvalle High School to travel for competitions and learn more boxing. By 1960, he won six Kentucky Golden Gloves championships and two National Amateur Athletic Union (AAL) titles. At the time when Cassius was eighteen, he earned one hundred out of one hundred and eight Amateur Championships (The Greates t Muhammed Ali, by Walter Dean Myers, published 1996). Cassius then started to think about making a name for himself. He was thinking of becoming a pro player, but Martin convinced him to continue and attend the Olympics in order to become a pro player. In 1960, he won his first Olympics. This was in Rome and all people would shake hands with him. He felt very happy signing autographs for his fans. When Cassius went to Louisville, people were waiting for him and cheered for him, but in the United States he still didnt have all his rights. Cassius decided to turn pro and he went to find a sponsor. He chose the Louisville group, which was trying to find him a coach to teach him how to box like a professional. Cassius goals were to buy a new house for his parents and buy a new Cadillac for himself. He found a coach called Dundee, who trained him very well. After that, Cassius moved to Miami, Florida were Dundee trained his fighters. He lived in a small room with dirty windows and unpainted walls. In 1960, he had the first pro match with Tun ney Hunsaker. Everyone knew that Clay would win the match, and he really did win and received two thousand dollars (The Greatest Muhammed Ali, by Walter Dean Myers, published 1996). Cassius was the first one to enter the gym and the last one to leave. Many reporters and newspapers liked him for his funny jokes and his interesting quotes. In 1962, Clay faced a big challenge. There was a popular pro player, whose name was Archie Moore and who was forty nine years old. Clay was only twenty years old then. They played a match that ended for Clays victory. He became more popular and all pro fighters were curious to fight him. In 1963, Clay was to fight Doug Jones, and that match ended also for Clays victory but he won it in ten rounds! Clay had the biggest match of all held on 1964. He fought a champion who was 220 pounds of muscles! His name was Sonny Liston. Before entering the match, Clay was scared to death and doctors expected him to give up in the match. When he entered, he preformed very well in that he cut Liston, and it was the first time for Liston to be cut in a match. Liston had to take a medication to continue the match and the medication ended up on his gloves, so when Liston punched Clay in the face, Clay couldnt see because it was hurtinzg him so much. He washed his face with water and then continued the match and won. This made Clay more famous (www.answers.com/topic/muhammad_ali_boxer) and (The greatest Muhammed Ali, by Arlene Schulman, published 2005). At that time, Clay was attending the Nation of Islam group meetings secretly. He didnt want anyone to know because he could be sent out of boxing. After the match with Liston, he announced that he is a Muslim and he changed his name to â€Å"Muhammed Ali.† After that, he began to address the members of the Islam group and gave speeches for them. In 1964, Ali married Sonj Roi , who refused to wear Muslim dress, smoked cigarettes and went to nightclubs. He soon divorced her, and then married in 1967 a Muslim woman called Belinda. Ten years later â€Å"Maryum Ali† was born. In 1972, Ali opened a training camp at Deer Lake. Later in 1978, he went to the great fight with Leon Spinks, who won against Ali. After that, Ali demanded a re-match, trained for it and won. In 1979, Ali had two more girls named â€Å"Laila and Hana.† Ali was very proud of them (www.novaonline.nvc.edu/eli/evans/his135/events/ali98.htm). One day, Ali decided to retire, but this did not last long because he loved boxing. He came back to the ring stronger than ever. Unfortunately, after some time, he was beaten up by Larry Holmes, who erased Alis hopes of coming back to boxing. From that day, he insisted on retiring and became a very good coach, who trained children. You hear a lot now about his daughter, Laila Ali, who is following in her fathers footsteps (www.novaonline.nvc.edu/eli/evans/his135/events/ali98.htm). Obviously, Muhammed Ali Clays life story is very inspirational. It shows how ambition and hard work would take one to new worlds; worlds of success, wealth, achievement and fame. His strength, tolerance and persistence will always be a guide for many.

Descriptive Essay - A Mountain Resort :: Descriptive Essay, Descriptive Writing

Mountain Resort For those who like winter sports like skiing and snowboarding, we have just the perfect place- the remote yet very popular mountain resort called Balea Lake. It is situated at an altitude of 2,034m, being the highest mountain resort of Romania. The cliffs are covered with snow from November till late July, sometimes still persisting till the new one arrives. First, you have to reach Balea Waterfall, and only afterwards try to get to the lake. Late spring is the best time to come- you take the main road and you’re disappointed cause you see no sign of snow and you think you have come such a long way for nothing. But you keep driving, hoping to find that wonderful place where you can ski or snowboard in T-shirt only, without worrying you’ll catch another cold and hoping to meet some of the friends you haven’t seen for the past month or more. The road makes a big turn and suddenly you see what you’ve been waiting for: the big mountains are still covered with snow. So everyone is happy and anxious to finally arrive up there. The area is fantastic for the best skiers and boarders and it offers excellent routes for f reeride. The resort has only two chalets, each one situated on one side of the lake. There are many tow-days contests taking place here. The participants are from many different countries and they come here to have fun and do what they like and know best: extreme ski and snowboard. Snowboard is relatively a new extreme sport in Romania, but there already are many kids who practice it. Parties where everyone is having a good time and creating a friendly atmosphere, one would say specific to this place follow the contests. The party lasts till late in the night, when a peaceful silence covers the mountains. But the calm doesn’t last too long. Tired, but woken by the lukewarm rays of sun, the riders begin the new day with some tricks and jumps on the quarterpipe

How to Unload Your Unwanted Collectibles via the Internet :: Process Essays

How to Unload Your Unwanted Collectibles via the Internet Trying to rid yourself of that box of old comics? Sick of all the CDs cluttering up your shelf space? While secondhand stores will do for some people, finding one that'll give you a good deal is next to impossible. If you need to unload what your particular hobby produces, whether it be rare books, old records, or baseball cards, the Internet provides the best opportunity for you to reach your market. Granted, selling a large volume of material yourself isn't easy: I discovered this the hard way when I first put my large collection of old CDs up for sale. But with the right preparations, running an e-sale is profitable, fun, and can provide you with contacts that prove useful for future sales. Step 1: The Sale Setup Your first concern should be cataloguing your collection. Make a note of each item you want to sell, as well as the price. It'd be a good idea to visit a shop that specializes in selling the collectible secondhand, such as a used bookstore or music store. Since buyers on the Internet usually expect to find a deal better than they could get otherwise, setting the item price slightly (around %10 or so) lower than a thrift shop will prevent them from clicking past you. Find a notebook, one that pages won't rip out of; this is your sale ledger. Keeping a tangible record of each item, price, buyer, buyer's mailing address, and shipping number in your ledger will prevent mistakes before they start. Believe me, dealing with an irate customer who claims you've mailed her the wrong CDs is much easier when you can prove the opposite. Finding an appropriate forum for your advertisement is probably the most important part of your setup. Usenet, a distributed bulletin board system that most Internet service providers and academic institutions make available to their users, is your best bet for reaching potential buyers. Usenet is divided into several hierarchies, or groups of bulletin boards (known individually as Blogs) that feature similar topics of discussion. For example, the alt.marketplace hierarchy contains the alt.marketplace, alt.marketplace.books, alt.marketplace.cassettes, and alt.marketplace.videotapes Blogs. However, when staging your sale you must choose the appropriate Blog. Posting daily sale updates to an off-topic Blog can get you flamed, mailbombed, or worse. Research your options thoroughly and well; read the news.answers Blog or set your web browser's URL to ftp://rtfm. How to Unload Your Unwanted Collectibles via the Internet :: Process Essays How to Unload Your Unwanted Collectibles via the Internet Trying to rid yourself of that box of old comics? Sick of all the CDs cluttering up your shelf space? While secondhand stores will do for some people, finding one that'll give you a good deal is next to impossible. If you need to unload what your particular hobby produces, whether it be rare books, old records, or baseball cards, the Internet provides the best opportunity for you to reach your market. Granted, selling a large volume of material yourself isn't easy: I discovered this the hard way when I first put my large collection of old CDs up for sale. But with the right preparations, running an e-sale is profitable, fun, and can provide you with contacts that prove useful for future sales. Step 1: The Sale Setup Your first concern should be cataloguing your collection. Make a note of each item you want to sell, as well as the price. It'd be a good idea to visit a shop that specializes in selling the collectible secondhand, such as a used bookstore or music store. Since buyers on the Internet usually expect to find a deal better than they could get otherwise, setting the item price slightly (around %10 or so) lower than a thrift shop will prevent them from clicking past you. Find a notebook, one that pages won't rip out of; this is your sale ledger. Keeping a tangible record of each item, price, buyer, buyer's mailing address, and shipping number in your ledger will prevent mistakes before they start. Believe me, dealing with an irate customer who claims you've mailed her the wrong CDs is much easier when you can prove the opposite. Finding an appropriate forum for your advertisement is probably the most important part of your setup. Usenet, a distributed bulletin board system that most Internet service providers and academic institutions make available to their users, is your best bet for reaching potential buyers. Usenet is divided into several hierarchies, or groups of bulletin boards (known individually as Blogs) that feature similar topics of discussion. For example, the alt.marketplace hierarchy contains the alt.marketplace, alt.marketplace.books, alt.marketplace.cassettes, and alt.marketplace.videotapes Blogs. However, when staging your sale you must choose the appropriate Blog. Posting daily sale updates to an off-topic Blog can get you flamed, mailbombed, or worse. Research your options thoroughly and well; read the news.answers Blog or set your web browser's URL to ftp://rtfm.

Johnny Got His Gun Essay -- essays research papers

dignity because he could no longer interact with other humans. It was the author’s idea of the worst case scenario that could have occurred to a soldier who was injured. The description of his injuries gave the reader a picture of what it would be like to have lived with no legs, arms, or a face. It was a gruesome thought that helped personalize the story by making the reader feel bad for the main character. At this time many perceived fighting in a war to be noble but for most of the soldiers it was anything but noble. Many times television shows, movies, and books had glamorized war, but that was not the truth. This book showed the harsh reality of war that most people didn’t know existed at the time. War is something that no man should ever hope for, but young men were told that it was glorious to fight for your country. The reality was that they put their lives on the line every day to fight for their country. It may have been heroic but definitely not glamorous to kill another human. In some cases, soldiers who were in wars had severe mental problems when they would return home from war because of the brutality they saw. When Joe finally became conscience of his surroundings he realized what had happened to him. Due to his injuries Joe was isolated from the rest of the world. This made it so that he didn’t even know if he was awake or sleeping. He kept having flashbacks to the war and to his life previous to the war. Then when he realized that his life was over he wanted to end it but he had no power to. He told others through morse code but they denied him death. The life that Joe Bonham led after his injuries was in no way glamorous but instead the worst possible way to live When I originally started reading this book I thought that war was a necessary part of our society to keep other countries in order, but now I realize that war serves no purpose whatsoever. It is just a waste of resources and life that could be better used. I still believe that we should have an army to protect us but I now feel that we should use more restraint when sending in military force. In most cases it is not necessary to shed blood in other countries. I believe that our army should only be used in extreme cases when there is no other solution. In most cases it would be possible to resolve a problem without fighting but it is easier to just... ...ke the reader suffer, but to create recognition of the psychosis involved in co-existing with war. Johnny Got His Gun is not a wholeheartedly pacifist novel. Like many social protest works of the 30s, it ends with a call to arms against the masters of war: "If you tell us to make the world safe for democracy we will take you seriously and by god and by Christ we will make it so." The novel embodies the blunt, defiant anti-militarist spirit of Eugene Debs, Socialist Party writer Mary Marcy and Gen. Smedley ("War is a racket!") Butler, the much-decorated WWI general who later changed his mind about war. Shortly after the publication of Johnny Got His Gun, this spirit waned as support for the new war effort enveloped the majority of the Left. (In 1947, Trumbo would become one of the "Hollywood 10" who defied the House Committee on Un-American Activities and were jailed and blacklisted for their stand.) Then a generation later, along with that spirit, the novel resurfaced unexpectedly. They keep each other alive. Trumbo, who died in 1976, would have appreciated how quickly the hoopla for the Gulf War evaporated. His book played a part in that. Watch for

We Need a Retirement Plan

With the way the economy is today, we need all the money we can get especially when we retire. The topic of my paper is â€Å"We do not need a retirement plan because social security will cover our needs when we retire. This is a topic that I strongly disagree with; Social Security alone will not be enough to cover our needs when we retire. Social Security or SSI is a program financed through general revenues; it is designed to help adults who are blind, the elderly and disabled people who have little or no income. SSI provides cash to meet basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter. Whether you can get SSI depends on your income and things you own. SSI benefits are payable to adults who have limited income and resources, meet the living requirements, and are otherwise eligible. If you don’t fall into any of these categories and you have already retired without a retirement plan, you won’t have a source of income to support yourself. The Federal benefit rate for a SSI payment is $674 dollars, as we all know $674. 0 is not nearly enough to live, and that may only be enough to pay your rent. You will still have other living expenses such as food, bills, and personal items, not to mention health care. Although there is Medicaid, and Medicare but not everyone is eligible to receive those benefits. These are a few reasons why Social Security will not be enough to cover our needs when we retire without a retirement plan. With Social Security there is no guarantee that you will qualify to receive payment. SSI is based on your income, money that you receive such as wedges, other SSI benefits, and pensions. The amount of income you can receive each month and still get SSI depends partly on where you live. Some of the resources used in the qualification process are; real estate, bank accounts, stocks and bonds, and cash. You may be able to receive SSI benefits if your resources are worth no more than $2,000. A couple may be eligible to receive SSI benefits if their resources are worth no more than $3,000. Another big issue with retirement is Health Care. Sure Medical insurance is included when you receive Social Security called Medicare and Medicaid, but again you have to qualify for that as well. You may think that Medicaid and Medicare are the same; actually they are two different programs. Medicaid is a state run program that provides hospital and medical coverage for people with low income and little or no resources. Each state has its own rules about who is eligible and what is covered under Medicaid. The program helps with the cost of health care, but it does not over all medical expenses or the cost of most long-term care. Medicare is financed by a portion of the payroll taxes paid by workers and their employers. It also is financed in part by monthly premiums deducted from Social Security checks. Some people qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare is our country’s health insurance program for people age 65 or older. Certain people younger than age 65 can qualify for Medicare, too, including those who have disa bilities and those who have permanent kidney failure or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease). In order to qualify for Medicare before the age of 65 if; you have been entitled to Social Security disability benefits for 24 months; or you receive a disability pension from the railroad retirement board and meet certain conditions; or you worked long enough in a government job where Medicare taxes were paid and you meet the requirements of the Social Security disability program; or you are the child or the widow(er) age 50, or older, including a divorced widow(er), of someone who has worked long enough in a government job where Medicare taxes were paid and you meet the requirement of the Social Security disability program. During my research I was able to interview 3 people; Thomas Burrell a retired veteran who has SSI and retirement, Kathy Burrell retired from the school system that only has retirement, and Thelma Kelly an elderly woman who is retired but only receives SSI. Mr. Burrell is retired from the military in 1991, retired from the United States Postal Service in 2001; he started to receive SSI benefits in 2001. When I interviewed Mr. Burrell, he had a lot to say about SSI and retirement. Even though he is receiving both, he knows that if he only had one benefit he would not be able to maintain his lifestyle. By Mr. Burrell receiving SSI and retirement he is able to provide for his family. As far as health care goes, Mr. Burrell has Medicare. By him receiving retirement he does not qualify for Medicaid which will cover all of your medical needs. You are not making a lot of money with either the SSI benefit or retirement, but with both combined you will be able to survive. T. Burrell (personal communication, April 6, 2011) Kathy Burrell, who has just retired in January of this year, only has a retirement plan and no SSI benefits. Mrs. Burrell retired through the Florida Retirement System (FRS) and the 401K plan, and being employed in Florida you have to wait 4 months after you retire to access your money. You will need to have some kind of income to last until you receive your full retirement. Mrs. Burrell knows that she is not able to survive on retirement alone. If she didn’t have a husband, after she retired she would have to get another form of income to make ends meet. As far as health care goes, If Mrs. Burrell did not have military insurance from her husband; she would not have or be able to afford it. K. Burrell (personal communication, April 6, 2011) Thelma Kelly a resident of Columbia, South Carolina has been retired for the past 15 years. Mrs. Kelly who is a widow has been receiving SSI benefits from her late husband, and because she is eligible. Mrs. Kelly receives $700. 00 a month, says that it is a blessing that she does not have a house payment because she would not be able to afford it. Mrs. Kelly struggles every month to make her $700. 00 a month check last for food, gas, utility bills, and other personal items. T. Kelly (personal communication, April 6, 2011) In conclusion it would be beneficial to have a retirement plan along with Social Security benefits to be able to support yourself. As mentioned earlier there are a lot of stipulations and requirements in order to qualify for Social Security. Social Security alone will not be enough to cover our needs when we retire.

Foreign Exchange Management in Perfect Pieces Limited

Ltd is exposed to foreign exchange risk because it buys some of its production inputs from overseas and pays for them in foreign currency; has sales revenue in foreign currency and competes with other manufacturers whose costs are denominated in foreign currency. The company imports from New Zealand, Japan, and the United States. The company's foreign currency payable are in the US Lars, NZ dollars, and Japanese yen. On the other hand, the sales are mostly conducted in US dollars.Proceedings of the International Academy for Case Studies, Volume 10, Number 2 Lass Vegas, 2003 page 74 UP Lad's exposure environment consisted predominantly of the US dollars, the NZ dollar, and the Japanese yen. The foreign currency denominated sales were about 52 percent of total sales: 40 percent in US dollars, and 12 percent in New Zealand dollars. The company's estimate of US dollar denominated payable was 36 percent of total sales: 19 percent in US dollars, 12 percent in Japanese yen, and 5 percent in New Zealand dollars.In general UP Ltd gives customers an average credit period of between 3 to 6 months while the average credit period for all foreign currency denominated payable was 3 months. There was therefore a working capital gap as the collection of accounts receivable was longer than accounts payable. This situation was made worse by the fact that 40 per cent of the sales were denominated in US dollars and the US dollar was weakening against the Australian dollar. There was no cover taken out for the exposure in US dollars because the financial accountant who acted as the company's exposure manager thought the US dollar would shortly strengthen.Previously the US dollar was stronger than the Australian dollar and the company had gained from the US dollar denominated receivables. This experience had apparently, surprisingly, made the company's exposure manager consider it inappropriate to hedge the US dollar. The responsibility for identifying FEMME was in the hands of a fin ancial accountant, with the assistance of the general manager. They hedged 50 per cent of the transactions for accounts payable in Japanese yen, and accounts receivable in New Zealand dollars. The financial accountant, in consultation with the general manager, bought forward contracts to cover the exposures.Most senior members of the company were concerned with manufacturing, promoting and marketing products rather than foreign exchange exposure management. It was increasingly becoming difficult for the general manager to meet the financial accountant in order to manage FEE because the general manager had to deal with other company duties. Previously, the general manager and the financial accountant met at least once a day to assess foreign exchange market movements. The increasing inability to meet the general manager as frequently as before was making the financial accountant concerned.The financial accountant was anxious that he should be left alone to make decisions in matters a s volatile as the foreign exchange movements. The financial accountant felt that it was important to specify Job descriptions in order to attach responsibility for the monitoring and compilation of foreign exchange information. Presumably, he hoped, that would lead to increasing resources in his section. He explained: The two clerks in my section are responsible for helping me in ash management, pension management, as well as compiling foreign exchange exposure management forecasts. The finance section is very understaffed.The engineering and marketing functions were considered more important than financial management. The finance section was not only understaffed, but it also lacked properly qualified and experienced personnel. The general manager thought that taking personal interest in treasury matters would mitigate the sense of alienation that was perceived by the financial accountant. The lack of understanding about the importance of FEMME among most of the company officers wa s discernible urine the interview. Most senior managers considered the primary tasks in the company to be the operational activities, namely; manufacturing, procurement, and selling.Lass Vegas, 2003 page 75 In terms of the organizational structure for exposure management, members of the company felt that centralization should be pursued subject to other considerations. One senior member of the company said: The task of identifying and managing foreign exchange exposure is too onerous to be left in the hands of only one functional unit The financial accountant was a relatively Junior officer in the company and had robbers in trying to obtain information he needed to manage exposure.Since FEE is a result of activities that transcend one functional unit, and can be constrained by lack of resources such as trained and experienced staff, and lack of appropriate equipment, this seemed to call for a company-wide policy from the top. The dialogue with most members of the company confirmed t hat there was no company-wide policy for FEMME. The next point was to consider the extent of risk aversion. Most members of the company were keen that currency risk should be avoided as much as possible.Some of the members wondered why the company should not invoice customers in Australian dollars rather than foreign currencies. As to the general attitude to foreign exchange risk, some members said that they generally preferred average expected return with average risk to high return with high risk for any business involving foreign currency denominated receivables and/or payable. But if the company was considering projects which involved no foreign currency receivables or payable, then high expected return and high risk projects could be considered.One of the senior officers, however, pointed out that foreign exchange considerations are but one factor. He was supported by another senior officer who said that sometimes the company may have other overriding strategic considerations t o take into account, such as obtaining a share of the market even if that means at the expense of incurring foreign exchange loss. The company's foreign exchange rate forecasts were mainly obtained from banks and publications such as the Financial Review newspaper. The information on foreign exchange rates was prepared manually.The lack of computerizing was considered hindrance to better monitoring of exposure management. The influence of the satisfaction with previous foreign exchange forecasts on hedging could only be commented on by the financial accountant and the general manager who carried out hedging of FEE. They both said that satisfaction with previous foreign exchange forecasts had minimum influence on the way they hedged. They were not confident with the forecasts they used. As they said: Foreign exchange forecasts are Just forecasts, they are never the same as the actual exchange rates so we are usually less confident about them.The extent of hedging is a situational mat ter. UP Ltd was involved in foreign exchange transactions at least once a fortnight. It was evident that the intensity of involvement in foreign exchange transactions did not have any influence on the hedging behavior. In spite of the fact that the US dollar denominated receivables were left exposed, Proceedings of the International Academy for Case Studies, Volume 10, Number 2 page 76 most members felt that the extent of involvement in foreign currency denominated business should be accompanied by more hedging activity.

Dengue Fever and Mosquito Repellent Lotion

Dengue is an infection caused by a virus. You can get it if an infected mosquito bites you. It does not spread from person to person. It is a tropical disease and is commonly spread during rainy seasons. In the Philippine, dengue is reported as one of the leading causes of childhood hospitalizations. And even Adults with weak immune system are not safe with this virus. Different researches were already conducted and are still on process to find new ways on how to completely solve this dreadful virus. Some researchers are working on making a vaccine that would immune the body against it.Insect repellent on the other hand are one of the preventive measures that would decrease the risk of getting insect-bourne diseases such as malaria and dengue which are brought about by mosquitos. An insect repellent is a substance applied to skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface. They are commercially sold and used. Mosquito repellent may come in the form of Lotion, Oil, bar, soap, fabric conditioner, spray and the like.Some are chemically made and the others are made out of organic materials that possesses insect repellent properties like Lemon grass, orange and rosemary to name a few. They are all garden plants and most likely available in every garden settings. This study is focused on the use of Calendula officinalis or commonly known as â€Å"Marigold† and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) in the form of insect repellent lotion, specifically, against the harmful bite of the known specie of mosquito within the genus Aedes, or principally known as Aedes aegypti which are the dengue virus carrier.Why lotion? Lotion is medicated ointment which is spread on the skin(Pharmacology); cream, liquid preparation for beautifying or soothing the skin (Wikipedia English ). Lotion are widely used for cosmetics and even medicinal purposes. Someone can actually wear it throughout the day leavi ng the skin protected from different harmful factors. Skin is the only part of the body that is most vulnerable to mosquito exposure. If a mosquito repellent is applied on skin, it will discourage mosquitos and bugs from landing on it, making the person at low risk of getting the dengue virus.Statement of the Problem The main objective of this investigatory project is to produce an Insect repellent lotion, specifically, Mosquito repellent lotion made from the combination of infused Marigold and rosemary oil mixed with base lotion with the same effectiveness compare to over the counter Mosquito repellent lotion. Specifically it sought to meet the following objectives:To test the effectiveness of Marigold, Rosemary infused Mosquito repellent lotion in terms of:Mosquito repellent effectiveness.Odour †¢Moisturizing effect.Lasting effect ( including the number of mosquito bite after application).Texture on the skin Significance of the studyThere is nothing we can do to stop mosquito from sucking onto their prey. This is their only way of survival. They carry insect Bourne diseases like malaria and dengue virus which are very dangerous once they have passed it to human body. Dengue Symptoms include a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. In some cases, dengue turns into dengue haemorrhagic fever, which causes bleeding from your nose, gums, or under your skin.It can also become dengue shock syndrome, which causes massive bleeding and shock. These forms of dengue are life-threatening. There is no specific treatment. Most people with dengue recover within 2 weeks. Until then, drinking lots of fluids, resting and taking non-aspirin fever-reducing medicines might help. People with the more severe forms of dengue usually need to go to the hospital and get fluids. In our country, everyone is familiar with this kind of disease. Most of its victims are children from schools or houses from rural to urban places being exposed to mosquito carr ying dengue.It has already taken many lives which might have been prevented if most people were properly oriented bout mosquitos’ behaviour and on how they could destroy and eliminate them for the safety of everyone. There are lots of preventive measures which are effective and safe like using mosquito repellen lotion that makes mosquitoes repel on your skin taking you out from the high risk of dengue infection. The feasibility of plant material specifically â€Å"marigold† and â€Å"rosemary† as an effective Mosquito repellent lotion is safe, easy to prepare, timely and economically.Scope and LimitationThis study is particular with the use and effects of Marigold and Rosemary which are readily available in the community or any part of the country because they are widely use as farm plants or companion plants for growing crops. The investigatory project was done at Pampanga Agricultural College. Tests, experimentations and discussions were under the supervision of PROF. REGINA D. LORIA. Questionnaires were used and answered to get the survey of the effectiveness of the study. Review of Related Literature Extracts from In a Nutshell ‘Marigold' by Jill Rosemary DaviesA popular garden plant, Marigold has been valued for many centuries for its' exceptional healing powers and is particularly remarkable in the treatment of wounds. When used for medicinal purposes, it is commonly referred to as ‘Calendula'. In appearance, Marigold looks like a large yellow or orange coloured daisy, each floret being about ?† (1. 25cm) long. A hardy annual, the plant produces its' bright flowers throughout the summer and the flower heads may grow up to 3†³ (7cm) in diameter. Marigolds' simple fruits are closely curled in the middle of the flower head, almost in the form of a ring.Hence in Germany, its' common name is ringelblume, meaning ringed flower. The plant grows to a height of approximately 20-28†³ (50-70cm). The stem is erect and branched, bearing alternate, light green, lance-shaped leaves and both stem and leaves are covered with fine hair. Marigold is described by some as without a marked scent, but others find its' odour rather heavy, while its' taste is bitter. Calendula officinalis, the botanical name, originates from the Latin word calends (which comes from calare, to call). A History of HealingMarigold has a long history of medicinal use, stretching back to the Roman's and the ancient Greeks, who drank Marigold tea to relieve nervous tension and sleeplessness. It has also been used in cooking, dying cloth and skin care and was a well-known symbol of good luck. Ancient Uses and Folklore Originally a native plant of ancient Egypt, and first introduced into Britain by the Romans, Marigold is one of the earliest cultivated flowers. It was also known to the ancient Greeks, who used it's petals for decoration, to colour foods and cosmetics and as a material dye, in addition to its medicinal uses.An infusi on of the herb was drunk to alleviate the symptoms of nervous tension and to prevent sleepless nights. Marigold has been cultivated in European gardens since about the 12th century. By the 14th century, the plant had become endowed with almost magical powers. A medieval author called Macer, who described Marigold in his Herbal, thought that merely to look at it would improve eyesight and draw out evil ‘humours' from the head:How Marigold can help:Ideal of healing cuts, scrapes, lacerations, surgical wounds and scars, small infected wounds, animal bites and scratches.Useful for skin conditions such as acne, shingles, chickenpox, dermatitis, eczema sores, impetigo spots and other systemic fungal, bacterial and viral conditions.An effective aid to healing minor first degree burns, such as sunburn.Helps to soothe bee, wasp and insect stings.An aid to healing cold sores.An antiseptic remedy for mouth and throat infections.Soothes toothache.Has a wide number of uses in childbirth, i ncluding the healing of episiotomies. Relieves sore nipples in nursing mothers.Ideal for complaints such as candida, leucorrhea and trichomoniasis.A safe remedy for babies' complaints, such as diaper rash or an inflamed navel or penis. †¢Antiseptic action helps speed children's recovery from mumps and measles. †¢A useful remedy for bruises.An excellent treatment for varicose veins and ulcers. (http://www. herbs-hands-healing. co. uk/books/online-books/in-a-nutshell-marigold-calendula-officinalis) Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. ) is a common dense, evergreen, aromatic shrub grown in many parts of the world. Historically, rosemary has been used as a medicinal agent to treat renal colic and dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation).It has also been used to relieve symptoms caused by respiratory disorders and to stimulate the growth of hair. Traditionally, rosemary has been used for improving memory, and has been a symbol of remembrance and friendship for centuries. In Moroc co, rosemary has been used to treat diabetes and hypertension (high blood pressure). The most researched constituents of rosemary are caffeic acid and its derivative rosmarinic acid. These compounds are thought to have antioxidant effects and are being studied as potential therapies for cancer, hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity), and inflammatory conditions.Currently, available studies show some promise for rosemary in the treatment of anxiety/stress (aromatherapy) and alopecia (hair loss). Current cosmetic uses of rosemary include treating cellulite and wrinkles, and normalizing excessive oil secretion of the skin. Germany's Commission E has approved rosemary leaf for treatment of dyspepsia and rosemary oil (used externally) for joint pain and poor circulation. Evidence These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven.Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. Alope cia areata (hair loss): Rosemary oil is reported to increase circulation and possibly promote hair growth in patients with alopecia areata. Additional study is warranted to confirm these findings. Anxiety/stress: Rosemary extract is frequently used in aromatherapy for treatment of a variety of conditions, including anxiety, mood enhancement, alteration of pain perception, and to increase alertness.Early study has shown benefit in reducing stress levels and increasing alertness. More study is needed to draw a firm recommendation. Tradition The below uses are based on tradition, scientific theories, or limited research. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. There may be other proposed uses that are not listed below.Abortifacient, air purifier, analgesic (pain reliever), anthelmintic (expels worms), antia ging, antibacterial, anticoagulant (blood-thinning), antifungal, antioxidant, antispasmodic, appetite stimulation, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), baldness, bronchial asthma, cancer prevention, cataracts, colic, dandruff, diaphoretic (promotes sweating), diuretic, drug withdrawal (morphine), dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), dyspepsia (upset stomach), gout, hepatoprotection (liver protection), HIV infection, hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), hyperglycemia, hypertension (high blood pressure), immunostimulation, inflammation, ischemic heart disease, joint pain, lice, liver cirrhosis, memory enhancement, muscle relaxant (smooth muscle), nerve regeneration, osteoporosis, paralysis, peptic ulcer disease, peripheral vascular disease, photoprotection, poor circulation, preservative, quality of life, renal colic, respiratory disorders, rheumatism, skin care (cosmetic), skin conditions (excessive oil secretion of the skin, cellulite), sperm motility, tonic, wound heali ng, wrinkle preventionCatnip, marigolds, and rosemary are other popular and familiar mosquito repellent plants. These herbs are scented with oils that mosquitoes and other bugs find unattractive. The insects avoid the plants, which hopefully translates to a reduced mosquito population in the immediate area. Catnip is a perennial herb that will come back year after year, while marigolds are annual and must be planted fresh each spring. Rosemary is a tropical plant, and it must be brought indoors during the cooler weather. The mosquito plant was designed by a Dutch botanist, who combined the mosquito repellent properties of citronella with a geranium.The result was a compact, easy to grow indoor/outdoor plant that smells of citronella, yet is ideal for the home garden. The mosquito plant requires full sun and well-drained soil. Like rosemary, it must be brought indoors during the winter, as it cannot tolerate frost and low temperatures. In addition to providing a barrier outdoors in t he garden or patio, mosquito repellent plants can also be turned into a natural bug spray. An individual can pick the leaves, flowers, and stems of the plants and crush them to release the oils. The foliage can then be mixed with alcohol, body oil, or rice vinegar, and applied to the skin. (Piontek A. 2013 What Are the Different Types of Mosquito Repellent Plants?Definition of Terms 1. Marigold-Any of about 30 species of annual herbaceous plants that make up the genus Tagetes in the composite family, native to southwestern North America. -The name also refers to the pot marigold (calendula) and unrelated plants of several families. Marigolds include popular garden ornamentals such as African marigold (T. erecta) and French marigold (T. patula), which have solitary or clustered red, orange, and yellow flowers and usually finely cut leaves. Because the strongly scented leaves discourage insect pests, marigolds are often planted among vegetable crops. 2.Rosemary-Small perennial evergre en shrub (Rosmarinus officinalis) of the mint family whose leaves are used to flavour a wide variety of food. -The bush grows 3–7. 5 ft (1–2. 3 m) tall and has short linear leaves that resemble curved pine needles, dark green and shiny above, white beneath. Bluish flowers grow in small clusters. Bees are particularly fond of rosemary. In ancient times rosemary was believed to strengthen memory; in literature and folklore it is an emblem of remembrance and fidelity. Native to the Mediterranean, it has been naturalized throughout Europe and temperate America.  © 2007 Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc. 3. Virus-Microscopic, simple infectious agent that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria.Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and consist of a single-or double-stranded nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein shell called a capsid; some viruses also have an outer envelope composed of lipids and proteins. They vary in shape. The two main classes are RNA viruses (see retrovirus) and DNA viruses. Outside of a living cell, a virus is an inactive particle, but within an appropriate host cell it becomes active, capable of taking over the cell's metabolic machinery for the production of new virus particles (virions). Some animal viruses produce latent infections, in which the virus persists in a quiet state, becoming periodically active in acute episodes, as in the case of the herpes simplex virus.An animal can respond to a viral infection in various ways, including fever, secretion of interferon, and attack by the immune system. Many human diseases, including influenza, the common cold, and AIDS, as well as many economically important plant and animal diseases, are caused by viruses. Successful vaccines have been developed to combat such viral diseases as measles, mumps, poliomyelitis, smallpox, and rubella. Drug therapy is generally not useful in controlling established viral infections, since drugs that inhibit viral d evelopment also inhibit the functions of the host cell. See also adenovirus; arbovirus; bacteriophage; picornavirus; plant virus; poxvirus.Dengue-or breakbone fever or dandy feverInfectious, disabling mosquito-borne fever. Other symptoms include extreme joint pain and stiffness, intense pain behind the eyes, a return of fever after brief pause, and a characteristic rash. Dengue is caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, usually A. aegypti, which also carries yellow fever. There are four strains of virus; infection with one type does not confer immunity to the remaining three. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms. Patients should be isolated during the first three days, when mosquitoes can pick up the disease from them. Prevention relies on mosquito control.Malaria-A serious relapsing infection caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium (see plasmodium), transmitted by the bite of the Anopheles mosquito. Known since before the 5th century BC, it occurs in tropi cal and subtropical regions near swamps. The roles of the mosquito and the parasite were proved in the early 20th century. Annual cases worldwide are estimated at 250 million and deaths at 2 million. Malaria from different Plasmodium species differs in severity, mortality, and geographic distribution. The parasites have an extremely complex life cycle; in one stage they develop synchronously inside red blood cells. Their mass fissions at 48-or 72-hour intervals cause attacks lasting 4–10 hours.Shaking and chills are followed by fever of up to 105  °F (40.  6  °C), with severe headache and then profuse sweating as temperature returns to normal. Patients often have anemia, spleen enlargement, and general weakness. Complications can be fatal. Malaria is diagnosed by detecting the parasites in blood. Quinine was long used to alleviate the fevers. Synthetic drugs, such as chloroquine, destroy the parasites in blood cells, but many strains are now resistant. Carriers of a gen e for a hemoglobinopathy have natural resistance. Malaria prevention requires preventing mosquito bites: eliminating mosquito breeding places and using insecticides or natural predators, window screens, netting, and insect repellent. See also protozoal disease.Mosquito-two-winged insect whose female has a long proboscis to pierce the skin and suck the blood of humans and animals(hypernym) dipterous insect, two-winged insects, dipteran, dipteron(hyponym) gnat(member-holonym) Culicidae, family Culicidae © 2007 Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc. 7. Lotion-medicated ointment which is spread on the skin (Pharmacology); cream, liquid preparation for beautifying or soothing the skin Wikipedia English – The Free Encyclopedia. Methodology Collection of Plant Materials Sample plant materials were gathered at Alternative Low Input agricultural System(ALIAS) at Pampanga Agricultural College, Magalang Pampanga.Quality leaves of Marigold and Rosemary were cut from the area to be used for the making of Mosquito repellent. Plant samples were thoroughly washed with distilled water and air dried. Preparation of the Marigold-Rosemary Mosquito Repellent Lotion 20 grams of air dried Rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis) and 20 grams of air dried Marigold leaves (Calendula officinalis) were separately diffused using two beakers each containing 100 ml of Mineral oil (one of the processes of extracting Essential oils from plants, known as Oil Diffusion Method. ) with the use of heat source, so as to my experiment I used oil lamp and tripod. Oil solutions obtain from both processes were filtered using filter paper and left alone to cool.To make the obtained oils from the extraction a material that can be used for the application for skin, I used base lotion that would carry out the active components of marigold and rosemary extracts with it, making it a mosquito repellent Lotion. Base lotions are sold on the market. Commercial fragrance free lotions are also possible to be used as base lotion. Extracted oils from the sample plants were gently and slowly added with continuous stirring to a 600 ml Base lotion. After the extracted essential oils and base lotion were completely mixed, they were put to clean containers and were labelled as â€Å" Marigold-Rosemary Mosquito Repellent Lotion† Determination of its Effectiveness.To determine the effectiveness of the Marigold-Rosemary Mosquito Repellent Lotion, volunteers were asked to test the product . Five to ten (5-10) respondents, each will be given Marigold-Rosemary Mosquito Repellent Lotion that they will use for its purpose and a table/questionnaire to be answered by the respondents concerning about the effectiveness of it. The questionnaire comprised the questions pertaining to its; odour; lasting power or time of reapplications; mosquito repellent effects and other relative observations which are not related to its main purpose; its texture as applied to skin; and personal comments. All results and answer will be treated fairly and will be accepted as part of the general result and experiment.Analysis and observation of data will be the main priority. Results and Discussion 1-Very not satisfied/effective2- Not Satisfied/effective3- Satisfied/effective4- Very Satisfied/effective By average: 1-Very not satisfied/effective2- Not Satisfied/effective3- Satisfied/effective4- Very Satisfied/effective The data gathered shows that by average Rosemary-Marigold mosquito repellent Lotion obtained a satisfactory rate with regards to its overall effectiveness. Nine respondents tested the products and by analysing the data- its odor, lasting effect, mosquito repellent effect and Texture to the skin got mean average of ;2. 57, 3. 28, 3. 20 and 3. 11 respectively.Conclusion and RecommendationFrom the light of the findings, data proved that the infusion of Rosemary and Marigold oil to be used as lotion is effective as mosquito repellent. From the overall average it got a satisfactory rate as t o its effectiveness. The statements above are the bases of recommending the following suggestions: 1. Other plants that display the same characteristics of Marigold and Rosemary might also be tested. 2. A comparative test shall be used to distinguish its effects from the commercial products, 3. Laboratory test shall be conducted to accurately determine its potentials. 4. Propagation of marigold and Rosemary shall be considered.